尔时,世尊在摩竭提国阿兰若法菩提场中,始成正觉。于普光明殿,坐莲华藏师子之座。文殊师利菩萨承佛威神力,普观察十方,而说颂言:如来一妙身,普现无量身;法界悉充满,故我今归命。一切国土中,悉见佛出兴;若有净信心,常见在其前。如来不出世,亦无有涅槃;以本大愿力,示现自在法。
逐句解释
如来一妙身,普现无量身;法界悉充满,故我今归命
文殊师利菩萨用偈颂开宗明义:如来只有一个「妙身」(法身),但这一身却能普现为无量身,充满整个法界。「名号品」的核心正在于此——名号(名字)的无量,对应的是佛身的无量。不同世界的众生以不同的名字称呼同一位佛,因为他们各自看见了佛的不同面向,而每一个面向都是真实的。
The Tathagata has one wondrous body, yet manifests as boundless bodies; the entire dharma-realm is pervaded, therefore I now take refuge.
Manjushri's opening verse states the philosophical premise of the whole chapter: there is one Buddha-body (the dharmakaya, 法身), yet it manifests as unlimited forms across unlimited worlds. This is why the Tathagata has different names in different world-systems — not because there are many Buddhas, but because different beings, with different capacities and conditions, perceive different facets of the one awakened reality. The diversity of names is a sign of abundance, not confusion. Every genuine perception of truth, from any angle, is a perception of the same truth.
一切国土中,悉见佛出兴;若有净信心,常见在其前
在一切国土中,都能见到佛的出现——但条件是「净信心」,即清净的信心。这不是说只有信徒才值得遇见佛,而是说清净的信心创造了感应的条件:心净则见净,心开则佛现。佛陀随时随处都在,是「常见在其前」的;能否「见」,取决于心的清净程度。这是《华严经》对「感应道交」的精辟表达。
In all lands, the arising of the Buddha is seen; if one has a pure and faithful mind, one always sees the Buddha present before oneself.
This verse articulates a key Huayan principle: the Buddha's presence is not conditional on the Buddha's presence — it is always, already there. What is conditional is the perceiver's capacity to recognise it. A "pure and faithful mind" (净信心) is not a requirement the Buddha imposes but a description of the state in which reality becomes transparent. When the mind is clear, undistracted by craving and aversion, the luminous quality of awakened reality — which was never absent — becomes visible. This is the contemplative meaning of the chapter's many names: each name is a door into the same room.
如来不出世,亦无有涅槃;以本大愿力,示现自在法
从究竟意义上说,如来既没有「出世」(出生于世间),也没有「入涅槃」(消逝于寂灭)。这两件事——出生与死亡——是现象界的叙述,而从法身的角度看,如来本无来去。他以「本大愿力」(最初的宏愿之力)在世间「示现」(示范性地显现),是自在无碍的,不受生死约束。名号的无量,正是这种自在示现的多样表达。
The Tathagata does not enter the world, nor does he enter nirvana; through the power of his original great vow, he manifests freely in the Dharma.
This verse cuts to the heart of the Mahayana doctrine of the Buddha's eternal, unborn, unceasing nature. The historical account — born in Lumbini, enlightened at Bodh Gaya, passing into parinirvana at Kushinagar — is a display, a skilful manifestation for the benefit of beings. The dharmakaya neither comes nor goes. It simply is. The "original great vow" (本大愿力) is the bodhisattva aspiration that Vairocana made in the depths of time (as told in Chapter 6) — and that vow continues to manifest as countless Buddhas, across countless worlds, under countless names, for the liberation of all beings without remainder.
(经文中列举娑婆世界如来十种名号:一切义成、大沙门、大出现……)
经文详列了在我们娑婆世界中如来的十种名号,每一个名号都照见佛的某一面:「一切义成」指成就一切义利;「大沙门」指最伟大的出家修行者;「大出现」指法身的伟大显现……十种名号,十种角度,如同十面宝镜,每一面都映照同一个光源。《华严经》一再告诉我们:实相是一,角度是无量的;名号是无量的,佛是一。
[The sutra lists ten names of the Tathagata in our Saha world: Accomplisher of All Meanings, Great Shramana, Great Manifestation, Great Light, Great Field of Merit, Ocean of Wisdom, Teacher of Gods and Humans…]
Each of the Buddha's ten names in our world describes a different dimension of his awakened activity. "Accomplisher of All Meanings" points to his capacity to fulfil the deepest purpose of every being. "Great Field of Merit" names the Buddha as a source of spiritual nourishment for those who enter his field. "Ocean of Wisdom" describes the inexhaustibility of insight. These names are not poetic epithets — they are functional descriptions of what the Buddha does for beings in different situations. When you approach the Buddha as a "Field of Merit," you are approaching the same reality as when you approach him as an "Ocean of Wisdom" — but your relationship to that reality, and what opens for you, is shaped by the name, the angle, the door you use.
总结 · Summary
第七品由文殊师利菩萨揭示:如来法身唯一,却在无量世界中以无量名号显现。名号的多样,正是佛身自在充满法界的证据。在娑婆世界中,如来有十种名号,各照见其不同的功德面向。核心教义是:佛既无出世也无涅槃,一切「示现」皆源于最初的大愿力。有净信心者,随处随时都能见到佛就在眼前。
Chapter 7 opens the second major movement of the Avatamsaka, in which the sutra expands outward from cosmology into the nature of the Buddha himself. Manjushri's teaching is elegant: the Buddha has one body, but it manifests as infinite bodies with infinite names across infinite worlds — because awakened reality is inexhaustible, and every being's sincere perception of it is genuine. The names multiply not because the Buddha is many, but because reality is rich beyond any single description. The practical teaching is equally direct: a pure, faithful mind will find the Buddha everywhere — because the Buddha is, in fact, everywhere.